PARADOXICAL

The faith chronicles

Friday, December 12, 2025

 

Ricky Lee quote

 “Minsan kailangan masugatan ang ating mga mata, para mahugasan ng luha, at makita natin ang hindi natin nakikita.”

So beautiful because so true and also very spiritual.



Thursday, December 04, 2025

 

December 2025 Recap

The Philippines is the world's number plastic polluter of the ocean.


Ethiopian volcano erupts for the first time after 12,000 years. 




Queena Lee died


Frank Gehry, who designed some of the most imaginative buildings ever constructed and achieved a level of worldwide acclaim seldom afforded any architect, has died. He was 96.


'HINDI KA NAKA-ROLEX, HINDI KA NAKA-GUCCI, AKO PA PINILI MO? 'Yan ang sigaw ni dating COMELEC commissioner Atty. Rowena Guanzon sa viral video na ito, habang nakikipagtalo sa isang Chinese national sa loob ng isang mall sa Makati.

Paliwanag naman ni Guanzon, pinaalis umano siya ng naturang Chinese sa mall para hindi raw siya makahawa matapos siyang umubo.

Sinabi rin ni Guanzon na humingi na ng paumanhin ang asawa ng nakaalitan niyang Chinese. Sa kabila nito, naghain pa rin siya ng reklamo sa Makati police.

Kinukuha pa ng News5 ang panig ng mag-asawa sa pamamagitan ng kanilang abogado. 

This is a one-sided story, so it was hard for me to react without hearing out the other side, but a foreigner (Chinese) telling me to get out of a mall in my own country would indeed shoot my BP to dangerous levels.

But to go beat mode full-on? Excessive. And to equate a person's worth in terms of Rolex and Gucci is very revealing. Her response to Llamas' joke online -- heaping contempt at a widely well-regarded political analyst as "walang trabaho," "walang PhD," "pangit," and "kalbo" -- further added insult to the injury. I checked her FB page and found out that that is the very brand she has been peddling: Queen of Bardagulan. No wonder. She was merely living up to it.

But wait, why does everything feel oddly familiar? Who normalized gutter talk at the highest levels of government again? 


Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Iconic ‘Mortal Kombat’ Star, Dies at 75

Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, the intense character actor best known for his portrayal of the sorcerer Shang Tsung in Mortal Kombat, passed away on December 4, 2025. He was 75.

Tagawa died due to complications from a stroke. While celebrated for his formidable screen presence, his private life was defined by a profound spiritual transformation. A convert to the Russian Orthodox Church in 2015, he took the baptismal name Panteleimon, frequently citing his faith as a source of immense peace. He is remembered for both his cinematic legacy and his spiritual devotion.


Haven't watched this movie, but I know that a lot of young people have.


A Current Biology study found that the Ayta Magbukon people of the Philippines carry the highest known levels of Denisovan DNA in the world. Researchers analyzed over 2.3 million genotypes from 118 ethnic groups and discovered unusually strong traces of this extinct human lineage. The findings suggest that multiple Denisovan groups once lived in Southeast Asia and interbred with early humans there. Because the Ayta remained relatively isolated, they preserved more of this ancient ancestry than other populations. This research reshapes our understanding of early human migration in the region.


"Singing can increase an immune antibody (SIGA) in the body by up to 20% in less than an hour." Tra-la-la... Do-mi-mi, Mi-sol-sol, Re-fa-fa, La-ti-tiiiii! Aherm, aherm. No wonder professional singers like me seldom get sick.

"Poland is one of the wonders of this world - a rising global power, an economy reaching a trillion dollars, the strongest army in Europe, the fastest-developing country in the region, and a guardian of NATO's eastern flank," Philippines be like, How to be you Po-land?" RP, be like Poland.


People are dancing a new dance craze to the tune of Taylor Swift's "Opalite" 


Film history enthusiast and historian Nick Deocampo has finally solved a decades-old mystery. He uncovered a copy of "Diwata ng Karagatan" (1936), believed to be the oldest existing Filipino film, tucked away in an archive in Brussels, Belgium.




The internet has a new obsession, and it has people trying to dangle from street signs and traffic lights while singing or lip-syncing to the song Maui Wowie. The trend is quickly taking over TikTok as social media users recreate the moment and post their own takes on the challenge. This includes Darren Espanto, whose live performance of the song on the variety show ASAP made the rounds online before other Pinoys jumped on the trend. Maui Wowie is a song by American rapper Kid Cudi from his debut mixtape A Kid Named Cudi back in 2008. Produced by Cudi and Plain Pat, it contains a sample of I'm So High by Grind Mode and an interpolation of Let's Get Lifted by John Legend. The lines "Goin' back to Honolulu just to get that / That Maui Wowie, that Maui Wowie" are the parts that are mostly used in the trend. But what does the word mean?  "Maui Wowie" refers to a famous Hawaiian-grown cannabis strain known for its tropical flavor and mellow, euphoric effect. Heading back to Honolulu to "get that Maui Wowie" hints at chasing enjoyment or a sense of escape.



The UNESCO-Philippine National Commission (UNACOM) congratulates the Boholano community on the inscription of The practice of making Asin Tibuok, the artisanal sea salt of the Boholano of Bohol Island, Philippines to the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.
Asin Tibuok is the artisanal sea salt made in a traditional manner by the mangasinay of Bohol. This community of salt-makers in Alburquerque is comprised of family-owned workshops and enterprises. The lengthy process of making asin tibuok involves steps such as soaking gathered coconut husks in seawater, cutting the husks, drying, burning, collecting the ash-salt mixture, collecting the produced brine, and cooking it in clay pots.

The Urgent Safeguarding List includes intangible cultural heritage elements identified by communities and States Parties as needing immediate support, enabling international cooperation and assistance to help ensure their continued survival.

***
Something as simple as cold water immersion can profoundly affect your body.
It has the potential to increase insulin sensitivity, helping you effectively turn glucose into energy.
Studies show that cold therapy can also lower cortisol, often called the "stress hormone," making it an effective tool for managing stress levels.
And just by taking cold showers, you can increase the amount of brown fat in your body. Brown fat, which helps keep your body warm in cold temperatures, stores energy in your body and helps you burn calories.
When it comes to cold showers, it’s best to begin with a few seconds and gradually increase the duration as your body adjusts to the physical sensations of exposure to cold temperatures.
Set a goal to switch on the cold water consistently for 14 days to start building your tolerance and experiencing the many benefits.

New 'remarkably tame' tinamou species discovered in Amazon mountains may already be at risk of extinction


The culprit was a mostly flightless bird with a unique dark slate-colored facial mask and cinnamon-colored underparts that was surprisingly unafraid of the curious humans.

Wednesday, December 03, 2025

 

Red Flags to Look Out for in Human Character

Red Flags to Watch Out for in Human Character

Some say we were all born good and kind-hearted. I don’t think so.

We didn’t start out as blank slates or tabula rasa either — we all inherited certain traits, both good and bad, from those who came before us.

Our character is ultimately shaped by a mix of things: our genes, our environment, how we were raised, and the most decisive factor of all — the personal choices we make along the way.

In my experience, people who choose to do good stand worlds apart from those who deliberately walk down a darker path.

No one wants to live in the orbit of evil, so it helps to recognize the warning signs early on — the behaviors that tell you to run for the hills.

Here are some forms of toxic or malicious behavior I’ve witnessed — or worse, personally endured:

What other red flags have you noticed, both in yourself and in others? 


Saturday, November 29, 2025

 

Yes Fap?

Yes Fap?
(Normalizing sex addiction)

I read with extreme interest this alleged scientific study saying men should masturbate at least 21 days a month to avoid prostate cancer.
I can't believe what I read, especially since one very popular doctor vlogger posted something to the effect that he is endorsing such a practice.
What man would want to have prostate cancer later in life? But 21 days a month, with only 9 to 10 days of pause? I can only react with 21 exclamation points.
From what I know, young guys who practice what used to be regarded as a dirty deed do it from once a week to maybe twice a month if busy. Only those very few who are addicted do it regularly without fail once a day, or incredibly enough, even more than that.
With the alleged research finding, we are practically endorsing a culture of masturbation all the more in the name science, as though our Westernized culture and society is not yet supersaturated with sex. It's like saying it's only natural but to give in, preferably each time, and even healthier if more. We are also, in effect, promoting a culture of wanton disregard for the virtues of chastity and purity and self-control.
Appalled at what this means in terms of committing mortal sin 21 times a month, and reduced to incredulity at the mere prospect of doctor-recommended requirement of, er, draining oneself dry towards good prostate health, I tried to access the so-called study and found that it doesn't even point to causation: i.e., not beating yourself up does not necessarily mean absolutely preparing yourself to develop cancer in the prostate. It even qualifies the finding by saying the research method may have missed other potential factors involved. The finding merely connected the dots in terms of correlation, meaning unbelievably frequent masturbators tend to fail to develop the disease, but it doesn't mean there is some cleansing mechanism involved with regular release.
This study appallingly reverses gains by the "No Fap" (zero masturbation, zero porn) movement, something which I have been promoting to anyone willing to hear (so far, I have successfully convinced a grand total of one guy to at least try the lifestyle, but sadly he reverted to old habits).

If the finding is true, then the study should examine all the elderly monks, priests, and bishops who actually practice what they preach if indeed all of them are now suffering from prostate cancer. Or a longitudinal and follow-up study of all the no-fap guys actively posting their experience on YouTube. And another study investigating whether all of those who had prostate cancer had a habit of religiously avoiding masturbation or sex in general. Let's see whether they have eventually developed abnormal growth in their prostrate after years of virtue. 


Friday, November 28, 2025

 

Ewan Ko Sa 'Yo

 Kung mahilig ka maga-read ng signs of the times, iisipin mo talagang end of the world na. Eh bakit hanggang ngayon, biyaheng impiyerno pa rin ugali ng iba?


Kung bet mo guide sa examination of conscience and how to make a good confession, bibigyan kita.

Wait, sa'ng folder ko ba nilagay yun? Kailangan ko din yun eh.

Actually kapapanganak ko pa lang, laging laman na yan ng balita. End of the world.

Imagine growing up in a world na laging may doomsday cult preparing for the end times? Ikaw ba lalaki kang full of hope and confidence in the future? Di ba?

Ewan ko sa inyo pero ako lumaki akong may takot sa Diyos at laging nagiguilty at may takot na baka... you know. I know hindi yun healthy, pero may pagkasigurista ako eh. Alam ko kung saan ko ayaw mapunta.

So yun nga, laging may ganung balita panahon pa ni Mahoma (sino kaya yun?), at may chain letter pa nga to that effect. Pero anong taon na ba 'ko ngayon? That's a whole lot of years of waiting. It's like constantly asking, Apocalypse When Ba Talaga?

That means may pag-asa pang magbago.

But according to statistics and history -- and my own experience, miracles and delubyos don't always make people change for the better. Kaya good luck sa yo talaga. That means choice mo na talaga ang magpakasama.

Tuesday, November 25, 2025

 

Wake Up! We are not the 51st State of America!

 Wake Up! We are not the 51st State of America!


In the history of Philippine education, the American influence, through the teachers called Thomasites, is routinely upheld as a harbinger of something good, even revolutionary.

And to some extent, that is a valid assessment.

After all, while the concept of universal education did not originate from them -- the Spaniards had already introduced a semblance of it in the 1880s or so, although not of the compulsory, secular kind today -- the Americans were largely responsible for introducing free, compulsory universal public education.

However, not a lot of Filipinos are aware that, while the American colonialists of 1900s gave us full-blown public education and infrastructure as we know it today, that legacy is tainted by the motive of self-preservation. That's only a natural thing for a colonialist to do.

The bigger problem is most of us are not even aware of how deep the American impact is.

We were taught the basics, but only so that we would become their steady labor supply.

They didn't teach us to become managers, administrators, entrepreneurs, not because they forgot or were negligent, but they did it on purpose.

But even when we are nowadays into Management 101 and Entrepreneurship 101, the ill effects are still in force.

There is almost zero interest in our local histories. We deem these unimportant.

We are ashamed of our own indigenous culture because we think it is backward and inferior. We even disparage our current culture as 'mongrel,' and thus impure, not worthy of serious study.

Look at how we name things dearest to us, things that are aspirational in nature.

Notice the names of our exclusive villages, many of our streets, even our taxis in our cities.

Notice the names we give our kids.

Double-check the first names or nicknames we give ourselves. How do you call yourself again? How about your pet dog or cat?

The American impact is felt even in the most minute details.

Notice who our columnists quote as authoritative sources. Very telling. Note who our writers imitate and uphold as being part of the literary canon.

Take a good note of even the decors inside our houses, or our preferred Christmas tunes (filled with snow, sled, holly, mistletoe, reindeer...).

Who are our top idols in showbiz, sports, film, comic books? What kind of movies do we watch? Whose fashion sense do we imitate the most? What books do we attach the highest sense of prestige to? Which books do we deem best of all time?

Evidence strongly suggest we remain under the spell of America -- WASP America, that is.

We Filipinos remain to be little brown Americans all this time.

Maybe a big factor is that America is easy to love. Who doesn't love Micky Mouse? I have no problem with loving things American. I myself am a big fan of so many American things.

The problem right now partly lies within us, in unknowingly internalizing the colonizer's biases and rejections.

The winds of change, however, are slowly blowing. There is hope.

But the change is painfully slow because of the lack of awareness of how deep we have been duped.

Guys, wake up. We are not Americans. We are Filipinos.

Friday, November 21, 2025

 

Things I Miss in Manila

 


My Catholic charismatic community with its various activities: worship, small group meetings, evangelization, recollections and recollections, talks...

Free church-based counseling and therapy services that a lot of people don't know about

A random eatery or resto offering a taste of authentic foreign cuisine

Bumping into a random celebrity walking casually in Glorietta, Greenbelt, or elsewhere in Makati

The great variety of goods on sale at SM Hypermart, Landmark, or any of the major supermarkets

Those little de-wart shops offering cheap locally produced 'cashew cream' dermatological therapy

Pan de Manila



 








Saturday, November 15, 2025

 

All Riled Up

All Riled Up

I have a slightly different take on Enrile, compared with those I have read so far -- that is, the anti- or con side.

'JPE', as he lay dying at 101 years old, ceased to be young people's butt of jokes, or in today's parlance, an Internet meme for "old," as in ancient, dinosaur-age old. Even Enrile proved to be no immortal, after all. His demise a day after the announcement of his ICU confinement was immediately greeted with a flood of posts from people with sharp memory detailing his great misdeeds from a distant past: chiefly as the architect of martial law, with human rights violations galore, and the massive plundering of the country's rainforests together with Pres. Marcos Sr., not to mention direct involvement in the coco levy funds scam and the PDAF scam -- his heroism at EDSA I all but forgotten. There were even allegations of his involvement with coup d'etats against Cory Aquino -- a precarious time I lived through as a young person which failed to make me develop good feelings for and good memories of him. These recollections of great unrepented -- and very public -- sins ran laughably contrapuntal to the high hosannas issued by those at the top echelons in government and elsewhere.

Statements of condemnation from the persecuted left are only to be expected. Which make you think: If Marcos Sr. and Enrile didn't do what they did (clamp down on communist forces), would RP have become a communist state? I shudder at the thought, as the horrors of the Russian, Chinese, Vietnamese experience come to mind: the pogroms, the gulags, the bloodiness of it all, all doomed for failure.

But what do we make of roughly the same statements coming from centrist forces? Which also makes you think: How much exactly was the abuse of power committed? Where exactly did he cross the line? How many innocent people, how many brave youthful protesters of that generation who were not necessarily espousing communist belief were dragged into the 'witch hunt' needlessly?

No one seems to be discussing this when it is the biggest bone of contention and partly the reason why there are Marcos loyalists across different socioeconomic classes up to this day, even among the ruling classes, even among respected academics. In their view, dictatorship and martial rule are justified if the target are communists. I am not saying I agree 100% but if you were the president at the time, how would you have handled it? Indeed, if you see the Marcos regime as having saved the country from communism (with US's backing, of course), no negative commentary will ever convince you to reconsider your view. You would even stick to the notion that they were 'heroes' in that regard.)

(The same is true with diehard supporters of the Dutertes. In their view, Duterte introduced a style of leadership they prefer in the light of the drug menace and -- let's face it -- a set of accomplishments that had been unheard of and impossible within the limited (i.e., elitist) viewpoints of past leaders. Indeed, if you see 'Dutertismo' as a logical reaction to Pres. Noynoy's failings and his essentially Manila-centric, rich-kid view of life and governance, nothing will ever convince you to change your mind.)

What I am NOT happy about, however, is when people make blanket condemnation, with the certainty that Enrile is 100% evil and going to hell. (Enrile being a religious man suddenly comes to mind, with him seeking God's counsel in a prayer room with a gigantic Virgin Mary statue and all. This tells me that he did not exactly worship the devil but in fact believed in his heart that what he was doing was the right one.) I'd like to remind people that only God has the right to say that (assign souls to their proper placement), because only He has full knowledge of a man's heart. Besides, as others have pointed out, last-minute repentance is always possible. (That's how counter-intuitive the Christian concept of 'grace' is.)

But in a culture where it is taboo to say bad things about the recently departed, making that rare exception (from both sides of the sociopolitical fence too) says a lot about the kind of public figure he was.

I'd be happy to be rebutted, proven wrong, disproved, challenged, and refuted with this second and separate opinion.


Saturday, November 08, 2025

 

Emerging Weather Terminologies

Emerging Weather Terminologies

(Note to self)

An article says the words 'hurricane,' 'cyclone,' and 'typhoon' are basically the same, all synonyms of 'tropical cyclone.' What about 'storm'? Aren't they all called 'bagyo' in Filipino? It can get confusing, right?

Perhaps realizing that there has to be different terms for different magnitudes and intensities of weather disturbances, PAGASA eventually came up with a list of tropical cyclone classifications according to wind speed. In Tagalog, ayon sa bilis ng hangin.

(I wonder if they have ever heard of Pangasinan's unbelievable number of words for rain?)

Here's what the agency has invented so far:

- low pressure area (LPA)/tropical disturbance: a weather system originating in the tropics or subtropics that maintains its identity for at least 24 hours and may cause heavy rainfall

- tropical depression (TD): maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kilometers per hour (kph)

- tropical storm (TS): maximum sustained winds of 62-88 kph.

- severe tropical storm (STS): maximum sustained winds of 89-117 kph.

- typhoon (TY): maximum sustained winds of 118-184 kph.

- super typhoon (STY): maximum sustained winds of more than 185 kph.

*If I may correct, the last one should be written as supertyphoon or super-typhoon because 'super' in this case is not an independent word but technically acting as a prefix, a particle that changes the meaning of the word it is attached to at the start of the word. To cite examples in popular usage: Superman, supermarket, superstar, supersaturated, supernova, superscript, supernumerary, superintendent, etc. We don't spell out these words with a separate 'super.' And we normally don't use prefixes such as mini-, mega-, quasi-, quadri-, etc. as independent words. #petpeeve

 

Speechless in the Aftermath

Speechless in the Aftermath


The images coming out of Talisay City, Canlaon City, Bago City, etc. are staggering they make even the inured speechless.

Nature is so swift; human life, slow. Nature can be so cruel, indiscriminate, unforgiving; humanity, so puny, helpless, dazed and confused.

What can we glean so far from the widespread destruction? Well, it looks like flood control is useless when deforestation is a problem. Plus we need to know whether the volume of precipitation is way above normal.

But it is clear this early how deforestation is the bigger, if not biggest, culprit.

Protect and restore our mountain forests now. There is a good reason why they are sometimes called watershed. They act like our sponge.

Common sense naman ata 'to 'no? It's not like we've stumbled into something new and complicated, as though it's rocket science.

Sunday, November 02, 2025

 

"Secret Heart"?

"Secret Heart"?

Don't worry, fellow Pinoys, if you think like "bobo" kayo sa English, mali-mali rin naman mag-English ang mga pangkaraniwang Kano, which is worse kasi native language nila ito. Madalas ay pinagtatawanan namin ito ng mga katrabaho ko dati as KPO workers working as a paralegal of sorts (coding legal corporate documents, creating titles for untitled documents, and receiving communication from our offshore clients).

Ilan sa mga pinakamadalas nilang gawin:

I would of, I could of - instead of I would have... etc.

grammer - grammar

They get easily confused when it comes to using:

- there vs their vs they're
- its vs it's
- you're vs your
- his vs he's
- who's vs whose
- accept vs except
- here vs hear
- hole vs whole
- lead vs led
- lose vs loose
- peace vs piece
- principal vs principle

Parang Waterloo nila iyon: homonyms or homophones -- napansin ko lang. Siguro dahil iyon sa dami ng foreign influences ng American English kaya nakakahilo talaga.

Ilang beses ko ngang nakita yung mga ganitong nakakatawang kaso for me as Pinoy:

Secret Heart of Jesus Hospital - they mean Sacred Heart

Minsan may mga mahilig din mag-imbento kahit wala sa Webster. Ganun kataas ang kanyang level of confidence:

"Like I telephonically told you yesterday..."

***

By the way, the Europeans are the worst sa mga puti na naencounter ko over exchanges through emails:

Example:

"If you have any questions, contact to us." (Mag-imbento talaga ng sariling verb + preposition combination, 'teh?)

Naalala ko ang sabi minsan ni kuwan: "They may be bigger and taller. Doesn't mean they are better."

Cheerio!

Kayong mga nakarelate sa BPO industry, ano'ng mga napansin niyong errors nila? Di ba natawa rin kayo?


 

Quezon on Our Mind

Quezon on Our Mind

Manuel Luis Quezon is on everyone's mind these days. Unfortunately for me, I haven't read much about former Philippine president Manuel Luis Quezon, so my knowledge about him is limited to his being "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa" and that "run-like-hell" statement of his that is often quoted out of context and assumed as a national curse whose ill effects are allegedly felt by one and all up to this day. And the man who saved a lot of Jews, not to mention the man after which a capital city and an entire province was named. And a host of Quezon Blvds. around the country. And an institute for TB patients.

But nowadays, his name is suddenly on everyone's lips, for a different reason: the way he is depicted in the latest film about him.
Walang puknat ang kontrobersiya ukol sa "Quezon" film dahil sa negative 'reacts' ng mga kaanak niya at ng mga historyador na naiirita o disappointed sa pagkakagawa ng pelikula. The bone of contention is the questionable framing of the story, the dubious approach it was told. Simply put, there was inadequate accounting for the complex political environment of his time under colonial rule, which necessitated someone or anyone of his position to do a complex dance of relating.
Lesson learned: When you view, review, or depict the life of historical figures like Rizal, Bonifacio, Aguinaldo, Luna, Del Pilar, et al., don't forget the context -- i.e., the realities of the time in which they operated, the most significant incidents and details (not the trivialities) within that context. Otherwise, you end up with misrepresentation, if not defamation.
Here's a contrarian opinion I tend to agree with:
Nevertheless, one good thing to come out of it is we are talking seriously at all about MLQ and reviewing his legacy. Caution, however, is needed in treading this street, just so we don't end up demeaning real people who don't deserve such treatment because we were unfair to them.
Speaking of historical trivia, here's one that is never mentioned in books about MLQ: Did you know that the surname Quezon is not Spanish in origin, but Chinese? Shocking, right? When I learned this just recently, my reaction was, "So, what else is not Chinese?"
Perhaps it wouldn't be farfetched to conjecture that MLQ is related to Dolphy, who is a Quizon? Remember that historical documents like Civil Registrar papers can contain errors, with an underpaid and overworked registrar turning letter 'e' into 'i' by accident, and so on.

Saturday, November 01, 2025

 

November 2025 Recap: Aftershocks, Aftermaths, and Anathemas

November 2025 Recap: Aftershocks, Aftermaths, and Anathemas

As in happened, November 2025 became a month of aftershocks, aftermaths, and breaking of taboos, not to mention of equally disturbing suicide stories. But on a positive note, also of groundbreaking events and discoveries.

In the Netherlands, a train -- speeding like a bullet -- rammed into a huge delivery truck, crushing the behemoth instantly and sending its content flying in all directions.

***

The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) officially opened November 4, to become "the world's largest museum dedicated to an ancient civilization"... "showcasing a vast collection of artifacts from ancient Egypt."

***

"Neuroscience reveals that it’s not the passing years that make your brain slower — it’s repetition. When you live each day the same way, your brain activates the same neural circuits over and over, reinforcing familiarity but reducing flexibility. ... But the good news? Your brain can rewire itself at any age through neuroplasticity — the ability to form new neural connections. New experiences, challenges, and even learning something uncomfortable stimulate dopamine and growth factors that keep your brain active and sharp."

Wait. This basically means we should keep on scrolling on our phones for that constant dopamine boost? Guess not.

***

A giant bacterium visible to naked eye was found in New Zealand -- "challenging everything about microbiology." It is called Thiomargarita magnifica, "5,000 times bigger than typical bacteria and visible as white filaments up to 2cm long." A bacterium that big ceases to be a "microbe," technically speaking, for normal bacteria reportedly lie within 1-5 micrometers in size.

***

Someone noticed that one of Manny Pacquiao sons (the one whose surname is Bacosa) looks like Piolo Pascual, and immediately dubbed the boy as "Piolo Pacquiao," and netizens went wild, alternately laughing and gushing.

***

Former president Manuel L. Quezon's grandson Ricky Avancena caused quite a stir when he reacted strongly against the movie "Quezon." The online commentariat took opposing sides, and I found myself on the side that was unhappy with the movie, even though I had yet to see it. I blame it for the same reason why I was unhappy with how Aguinaldo, in former movie depictions, was painted as pure evil. (He was not -- certainly not 100% ha-ha.)

***

Lav Diaz's film, "Magellan," starring Gael Garcia Bernal, won as Best Picture at the Villadolid Film Festival in Spain. Makes me wanna go see the movie.

***

The last kakapo bird died? That's what one report said. Maybe it is just in one island?

The reason I am wary of extinctions is because I have studied ecology -- an eye-opening interdisciplinary course I am very grateful for, that it has become my favorite subject actually. There, under the kinda annoying prof, Gene Abedania, I learned that each species has an impact on the environment and is inter-related with other species in the same habitat. This means one little loss could result in an ecological catastrophe, so I am hoping that view is wrong. Besides, the kakapo bird (the world's largest parrot and it's flightless -- imagine that) is quite a beauty and a character.

***

"Intelligence peaks at 55 to 60 years old," a report said. This can only be good news to the likes of me. You see, youth is not always a plus point.

***

There was a report of a terrible massacre and rape of women and children in Darfur, Sudan once again. Which made me think of how we don't hear much about the horrible things happening to the people of Sudan, Nigeria, Mozambique, and other countries where there are atrocities, genocide, and persecution otherwise unimaginable to the rest of the world. But they are happening as we speak, and the rest of the outside world doesn't seem to care. Perhaps because they are... black?

***

Surprise! "Young leftist Trump foe" Zohran Mamdani was elected New York mayor." Socialism and NYC are like total opposites. New York City, as we all know, is the world capital of capitalism -- capitalism with a capital C. Will it work? Let's see.

***

Juan Ponce Enrile, as he lay dying at 101 years old, ceased to be an Internet meme for "old," as in ancient, dinosaur-age old. You might want to read about my thoughts on him in this post titled, "All Riled Up."

***

A trending post captured the tenor of November 2025 in the Philippines, as though in a nutshell: "Nakakalito na ang mga letra. May warrant daw galing sa ICC (sina Bato at Go). May rally ang INC. May imbestigasyon ang ICI. Si Enrile nasa ICU."

***

Speechless in Tino's Aftermath

Typhoon Tino inundated parts of Talisay City in Cebu and other areas, and it's like Ondoy all over again, just worse. The images coming out of not just Talisay City, but also Canlaon City, Bago City, etc. are staggering they make even the inured speechless.

Nature is so swift; human life, slow. Nature can be so cruel, indiscriminate, unforgiving; humanity, so puny, helpless, dazed and confused. I can't blame folk who ask, "Where is God?"

Apart from questions I have no answer for, what can we glean so far from the widespread destruction? Well, it looks like flood control is useless when deforestation is a problem. Plus we need to know whether the volume of precipitation is way above normal. For this reason, the technical term 'hydrology' was thrown around with frequency.

But it is clear this early how deforestation is the bigger, if not biggest, culprit.

I'd say protect and restore our mountain forests now. There is a good reason why they are sometimes called watershed. They act like our sponge.

Supposing climate change isn't the real culprit yet, blaming rampant deforestation looks like common sense, right? It's not like we've stumbled into something new and complicated, as though it's rocket science.

***

Because of Tino, actor-turned-businessman Slater Young's Monterazza mountainside luxury villa project, inspired by the Ifugao rice terraces, was under fire, judging by, uhm, online knee-jerk commentators. I am not sure about this, since the 'verdict' is not yet in.

***

For the first time in a very long time, our place got a direct hit from a super-furious typhoon, and it was named 'Uwan'/'Fung-Wong.' We residents suffered through a sleepless night, anxious over the prospect of waking up with our roofs gone and trees falling over our domicile. We distinctly remember the unusual calm -- and humidity -- before the storm. There must be a technical term for that unusual calm before the storm, but I couldn't find any, despite our ultra-rich local vocabulary.

Anyway, like everybody else, my fervent prayer was for 'Uwan' to stay away or change its course, or at least weaken a bit. It did not, on all three counts. But still we were thankful, for things could have gotten a lot worse. The aftermath was merely a day of sweeping of fallen leaves, branches, and other debris and hacking away at wayward branches in the midst of a power blackout with no internet connection. ...Plus the dilemma of how to cook all the raw food we have stored in the ref so they wouldn't go stale or turn bad. In the end, we were happy to have survived another delubyo.

***

On a personal note: I got sick November 5. I think I caught the flu virus. But I couldn't complain. A lot of people were in worse shape after losing loved ones and everything they had to flash flood. And happily, for the first time, I was able to fend off an oncoming full-on flu which I get without fail each year except when I had a flu shot (cold, cough, body malaise, physical weakness). What I did was take time off work just to be able to directly expose my skin to sunshine for hours on end. No Bioflu, no antibiotics, no artificial vitamin supplements, no appointment with the doctor. It works! Why haven't I done the same in previous years? Then again, maybe that barley supplement I had been taking worked wonders, plus I was into guava leaf tea lately as an experiment. (I eventually stopped after I noticed some side effects.) I suffered from earache and an irritable throat instead, which slowly went away, thank God.

***

I read with interest the current word war between the Baguio City government and other 'stakeholders' over the proposed renovation of the 'iconic' City Public Market. I don't know whom to side with, honestly. I love Baguio's old public market because it was so charming in that rustic mountain way and I had lots of good memories of it, especially since it was so spic-'n-span. There are some things in a city that you wish would never change, and one of that is Baguio City's unique blend of American Hill Station-Igorot architecture. But I am also for embracing modernization if it can't be helped, but hopefully never at the expense of historical and cultural heritage. How to balance these two? I have yet to figure out, but people like Palafox surely have a long time ago. What I noticed is that Baguio has through the years continuously defaced what made it attractive in the first place; it would be a cultural, aesthetic, and economic suicide to deface or erase your own selling point. Baguio would no longer be Baguio if it looked like another city in Metro Manila or anywhere else in the world.

***

The low-intensity conflict over Michelin ratings between the pros- and the antis- I found very interesting. But here's something about Filipino food that I wish I wrote because I am 100% in agreement with it: "The Michelin Guide and authentic Filipino food" by Stephen Acabado. Look it up!

***

A newly constructed 2,500 ft bridge partially collapsed into a river in China after a massive landslide occurred near the area. I somehow felt relieved that it's not only in the Philippines that this...er... engineering marvel happens.

Another horror, also in China: an ancient 8-story wooden pagoda burned down like flint or kindling, though commenters said it was a rebuild or reconstruction. Nonetheless, seeing an ancient heritage structure fall down like that is just so sad and tragic.

***

The infamous Zaldy Co issued a bombshell of a video: that BBM and Romualdez ordered him to stay put abroad and masterminded the you-know-what yada-yada. But people were not inclined to believe any of it because they had a problem with the tainted messenger and his motive.

***

Meanwhile, Kiko Barzaga compared himself to Jose Rizal. The public reaction was of course "The nerve!" and "Wait, what?" Like, have you written two authority-defying literary novels on top of a number of lyrical poetry pieces and made yourself a most wanted man because of it? Are you fluent in more than a dozen languages? Traveled around the world? Had a string of girlfriends of diverse ethnicities? Idolized by the country's revolutionary leaders of your time? Studied ophthalmology on the side? Built a little self-sustaining community on the side? Killed by firing squad after being accused of rebellion? If no, then forget about it and find someone on the lower rungs.

***

Former presidents/vice-presidents Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and Joseph Estrada were seen together with VP Sara Duterte as they attended the Office of the Vice-President's 90th anniversary. It would have been interesting to observe the respective body language of the two former political arch-nemeses.

***

Rosa Rosal, glamorous actress of yesteryears and Red Cross board member, died at 97 years old. Her real name, it turns out, is Florence Lansang Danon-Gayda. Thanks to YouTube, I had been able to watch two acclaimed films she starred in: "Biyaya ng Lupa" and "Anak Dalita." So I hunted down another acclaimed title associated with her, "Badjao," which a film critic (Noel Vera) said is fortunately available on YouTube as well. What luck! I watched it and learned that it is about the evils of discrimination, and "its probably the best Filipino movie ever made."

***

At a huge Iglesia ni Kristo rally, Imee Marcos did something unthinkable, like it's straight out of a Koreanovela: rat on her brother's and sister-in-law's (and nephew's too?) supposed drug use -- a private matter of personal weakness, and in front of 650,000 people too. What an unbelievable breaking of a cultural taboo. And technically speaking, because of the private nature of the alleged transgression, it constitutes slander, whether the charge is true or not.

***

Kiko Barzaga made a fearless prediction, a cliffhanger: "Martin Romualdez will escape the country before President Marcos resigns next week." Now, the guy's playing Nostradamus.

***

Lea Salonga's daughter Nic Chien had her breast excised. And these days, commenting on it other than applause, or even using the word 'daughter,' might spell trouble.

***

On November 19, minimum wage in Pangasinan was increased from P468 to P505.

***

Wow: "A storied Gustav Klimt painting sold for $236.4 million at Sotheby’s in New York, [thus becoming] the most expensive work ever sold at Sotheby’s and the most expensive Modern artwork ever sold at block." I love Klimt's paintings! They are just so different, so original.

***

Another awful story of suicide, most likely due to depression: A young man named Ivan Cezar Ronquillo reportedly committed what is suspected to be suicide after he was wrongfully accused of killing his girlfriend, an actress and model named Gina Lima. What a waste of life, no thanks to online defamation or slander.

***

"In one of the world’s most fast-paced cultures, South Korea introduced something almost unbelievable — a real contest dedicated to sitting still, breathing slowly, and letting your mind go quiet. It’s called the Space-Out Competition, created in 2014 by artist Woopsyang as a protest against burnout. A reminder that rest isn’t laziness — it’s survival." Hmm... sloth and rest are two completely different things: one is vice, the other virtue.

***

"An 18-year-old Filipino male teenager wrote a children’s book as a gift to his longtime Filipino nanny. The money he earns from selling the book will be used to help overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) in Hong Kong who wish to finish their studies."

Hiyang-hiya ako sa batang ito ha. Ikaw, ako, tayo, ano na ang ambag mo, natin? Imagine if all of us are as selfless.

***

On November 19, minimum wage in Pangasinan was increased from P468 to P505.

***

Jesus Falcis: "Alice Guo was arrested and now convicted. Anti-POGO Law was passed. Li Duang Wang’s citizenship law was vetoed by BBM upon Sen. Risa Hontiveros’ plea." I am not exactly a fan of Hontiveros' politics, but these achievements are impressive.

***

Chocolate Lover Inc. closed shop after 36 years of selling chocolates, buttercream, walnuts, and other baking essentials. Owned by Annie Carmona-Lim, dubbed the “Chocolate Queen,” the shop is housed in a castle-like building which has long been an eye-catcher in Cubao for its atypical structure.

The only ones similar to such an architectural style in the country, crenellations and all (with the exception of resort structures), are the Christ the King church in E. Rodriquez and a private residence somewhere in the southern Tagalog region.

Anyway, sad business closure stories like this makes me think of how small and big businesses are a cultural treasure of a community that oftentimes make brand names synonymous to a given town or city. And if the business is not passed on to the next generation for any number of reasons, to say nothing of enrichment or expansion, it just dies a natural death and quickly forgotten (except by historians and history buffs like me).

***

Miss Mexico won the Ms. Universe but Filipinos were sore about it because they believed our bet or another one, a Ms. Côte d'Ivoire (isn't this country Ivory Cost?), deserved the title better for reasons I am not sure about. But here's a quotable quote and food for thought: "Iwan ko ba anong esperitu ang sumasanib sa mga Penoy. Kung pageant, grabi maka kelatis ng kandidata. Piru sa election, basta lang maka tanggap ng ayoda at sayawan ng budots, okay na."

***

Central Vietnam, southern Thailand, and Sri Lanka experienced Ondoy-like devastation from flood! Looks like unprecedented flash-flooding is becoming a worldwide phenomenon. Hope I am utterly wrong in my perception.

***

Solidaridad Bookshop sold to Rep. Leandro Leviste

***
"A newly discovered ant species has placed the Philippines once again on the global scientific map. The National Museum of the Philippines announced the identification of Strumigenys silangan, a species found in the eastern regions of the country, specifically in Mt. Isarog Natural Park, Camarines Sur. Its discovery adds to the Philippines’ growing list of unique and endemic wildlife, highlighting how much biodiversity still remains hidden within its forests and ecosystems. Researchers noted that the species name 'silangan,' meaning 'east,' reflects the origin of all collected specimens."

***

"A Japanese scientist earned a Nobel Prize after discovering one of the body’s most powerful self-healing mechanisms: during periods of fasting, the human body begins to consume its own damaged cells, triggering a deep cellular reset known as autophagy. This natural process acts like an internal cleanup system, breaking down old proteins, malfunctioning components, and toxic buildup that contribute to aging and disease. The discovery revealed that fasting doesn’t just change metabolism — it activates a fundamental survival program hard-wired into our biology." Must. go. hungry. often. soon.

***

Unusual this! "An outdoor electronic music event was held in front of 14th-century cathedral in Košice, Slovakia, organized by the archdiocese to celebrate the Jubilee of Young People and the 75th birthday of the local archbishop, Nov. 8. Fr. Guilherme Peixoto, a Portuguese priest who happens to be an electronic music DJ who performed at World Youth Day 2023, guided the crowd with a blend of electronic and spiritual music, sharing his belief that 'electronic music is a privileged way to build a better world.'"

Before this apparent rave party, with laser beams piercing the air in all directions, a prerecorded video of the Pope sent message to the youth, and the pope was mistaken for being part of the organizers. If I were a lot younger and I was there, I would have had the time of my life.

**

Highrise infernos

Several 32-floor highrises in an apartment complex in Hong Kong were engulfed by flames from a small fire that started from below outside the buildings. It looks like the bamboo scaffolding with green nylon netting served as the perfect kindling material that aided the quick spreading of the fire, as though to grill the poor occupants alive starting from the first floor. I remember something similar happening before somewhere in the Middle East (Dubai?). The horror. I can't imagine how the survivors, especially the elderly, PWD, and infants escaped by the skin of their teeth in the middle of such a smoldering and smoked-out scene. At least three people connected with the construction firm were arrested for "gross negligence."

***

I learned that many Indonesians have only one name. Just like pre-colonial Filipinos! I wonder how their local civil registrars deal with this practice.

***

"Gumuho ang dormitory building ng isang eskuwelahan sa Sumatra Island sa Indonesia. Nasaksihan mismo ng mga estudyante ang pagguho ng gusali sa probinsya ng Aceh dahil sa landslide at umapaw na ilog sa likod ng paaralan."

***

The DTI said a Filipino family can have noche buena for P500. This was met with massive sarcasm, with post ridiculing the claim by someone who must be living in some geological age.

***

A new font face became popular locally, called the Queen Yasmin font. The font style features a lady with a wreath of flowers on her head contorting her body and body doubles to produce different letters of the alphabet. Funny font and hard to read.

***

Trump suspended ‘Third World’ migration to US after an Afghan man killed a National Guard.

***

"Pope Leo XIV commemorated the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea on Friday, November 28, in Iznik, the Turkish city historically known as the birthplace of the Nicene Creed (Nicaea), calling Christians to overcome 'the scandal of divisions' and to renew their commitment to unity. This is the main reason that brought the pope to Türkiye (Turkey) on his first apostolic trip abroad. The pope spoke during an ecumenical prayer service held at the archaeological site of the ancient Basilica of Saint Neophytos, on the shore of Lake Iznik, southeast of Istanbul. There, Pope Leo, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, and other Christian leaders prayed together the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed in this historic setting."

***

Unbelievable and appalling piece of statistic: A scientific study claims men who masturbate at least 21 days a month tend not to develop prostate cancer.

***

I kept on reading this new term: virtue signalling. It means "the public expression of opinions or sentiments intended to demonstrate one's good character or social conscience or the moral correctness of one's position on a particular issue" instead of having genuine virtue.

***

The month ended with another rally in Manila against corruption at the highest levels of government.

***

Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan recipient Alonzo Saclag of Kalinga died, but because of his hard work, foresight, and government support, an indigenous intangible (musical) heritage didn't die out with him.

***

Whew, I want to end this crazy month's recap with a laugh: "The ability to speak several languages is an asset, but the ability to keep your mouth shut in any language is priceless."


Monday, October 20, 2025

 

How Evil Could You Get?

How Evil Could You Get?

(Notes to self; I hope I am being coherent here.)

The question (posed by C.A.P.) which has been bugging me all week is this: How evil could you be to get there, to that point of no return?

To paraphrase, what would it take for someone, anyone, to cheat willfully, knowingly, in the magnitude of billions in public funds through irregularly won contracts (think rigged biddings and graft money), and the worst part, substandard large-scale public infrastructure that put at risk the very lives of hundreds, thousands, millions of innocent people -- in a country that is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, flooding?

I am asking the question, not to cast aspersion on individuals who have been already judged on social media even without due process (including completion of litigation based on incontrovertible proof), or to pass myself off as holier-than-thou and more popish than the pope. Let's face it: We are all capable of crime, even heinous crime. What interests me at this point is the inner workings or dynamics of evil in all of us (without exception) that enable us to do such deeds.

Now that I have cleared my vision-mission-objectives out of the way...

We can only speculate, but it's good to look into our own hearts, the innate darkness or evil that lurks within. Or let us consciously put on a criminal's mind to begin to understand.

1. The opportunity is present.

A police officer, in a lecture, once said that, "For someone to be tempted to commit a crime, one important factor is opportunity." This one factor -- window of opportunity -- is indeed a most tempting one, a great 'enabler,' what with the culture of graft and corruption long-entrenched and normalized that it would not be too hard for someone to commit the crime.

In acts of such magnitude committed repeatedly (or so it is reported), there seems to be an element of -- I don't know -- guiltlessness? lack of conscience? Why the seeming lack of guilt in people who commit the crime? There must be some other factors or motives that drive the person from within. Let's move on with the investigation.

2. The desire to get ahead in life

Another no-brainer explanation for the conundrum is, of course, plain old poverty, and the desire to win over it. Indeed, if you started out in life as underprivileged, this is a very strong factor.

But what is not as easy to understand is why anyone would desire to get rich so bad that they would be willing to get it done desperately, by hook or by crook? I have no answer at this point. There has to be something with the way the person grew up.

3. Character formation/Personal values

3.1 Popular culture

Maybe the person has watched too many shows like "The Lives of the Rich and Famous" growing up? Or documentaries on the charmed, perfumed life of Hollywood show biz celebrities and old-world royals, and has long fancied himself/herself to be one?

3.1.2 Envy

Maybe it is just plain envy at work. Maybe it comes, not just from this common view that life is one big contest or competition, so the name of the game is one-upmanship, but also out of...insecurity? That one is not happy with one's lot that one is driven to "covet thy neighbor's goods"?

3.2 Family values/dynamics

Or could it be that one was formed with such mentality as a child by her parents, that top-of-the-line luxuries are what to aim for in life? That these are 'the life'? That you are what you own? That the value of a human person depends upon his or her socioeconomic status?

3.2.1 Darwinism

Maybe you were trained too much in Darwinian thought: Life is a competition, where only the fittest survive. In this view, everyone is a competitor that must be eased out of the race, pageant, tilt...

3.2.2 Weak conscience

If one grew up in a religious or God-fearing family, or was educated in a university proudly steeped in Christian ideals, one expects some restraint and a guilt-ridden conscience.

What would it take for someone who grew up knowing his left hand from right hand turn out bad in the end anyway? To be honest, I am not sure. There must be some other factors at play.

Maybe it is, after all, about weak catechism resulting in poor formation of conscience or ideation of sin?

4. Traditional ethnocentrism and status-consciousness

Through the sociological lens, it could be that everything is merely an expression of the innate desire to be of a social status superior to most. Status-consciousness, or maybe ethnocentrism in another guise, is after all but second nature in a culture and society steeped in a traditional caste system of sorts. I mean, isn't our pre-colonial history all about barangays inhabited by the royal blood (maharlika, datus), freemen (timawa), and slaves (alipin, oripon)?

In this view of the universe, getting ahead for those in the upper echelons is a pressing need, not a mere choice, for it is a matter of inter-generational identity, a tool of one's sense of achievement and self-worth as well as a tool of keeping those beneath one's stature to stay put at their place, where they are supposed to be. Appalling, but isn't this what today's Philippine society is all about, to a certain extent?

4.1 Culture of patronage

Another possible explanation emanating from the above is the need to fulfill a social obligation (noblesse oblige) to one's inferiors, and for inferiors to expect it like it's the most natural thing, even though such a payoff needs an unlimited funding source.

(Another aside, if it makes sense: Note our society's double standards: how we despise petty criminals, shoplifters caught in the little mom-and-pop grocer who are battling extreme hunger but not those in designer clothes and business suits or the perfumed set caught stealing huge sums. We see the former as cheap and shameful or shameless, the latter "madiskarte," "maabilidad" in gaming a long-accepted system where everyone is complicit in some way. And this despite the disastrous consequences of bridges suddenly falling down, housing projects crumbling because they are made of sawdust (personally seen this in Pasay City), inner city roads turning into moon craters in a matter of days or weeks, and new high-rises toppling like dominoes while century-old public edifices stood unperturbed (e.g. 1990 Baguio City earthquake). Our society has long been conditioned to accept the status quo, that some people are "of the manor born," "with a silver spoon in their mouth" at the moment of birth, and some people are poor by birth and must stay so to keep things going. This way, we rarely question whether one's incredible wealth is (a) indeed a blessing from God and something one worked hard for or (b) ill-gotten.)

5. Obsession

If someone wants it so bad, by hook or by crook, or by whatever means possible, there must be something else at work. The problem lies not in wanting to get ahead in life or wanting to get out of poverty, but in having an unmoderated greed, an irrational level of it.

I think it takes some kind of obsession, if not addiction, to want more and more and more of a good thing, whether worldly wealth and adulation ad libitum, ad infinitum.

Could it also be that extreme deprivation was a source of traumatic wounding in one's childhood that one is driven to compensate for it throughout life, to an exaggerated extent? Could the person be merely, er, healing their inner child? But note that an element of trauma is that the sufferer is unconscious of how the trauma controls him and his day-to-day thoughts and behavior. This is how obsession works.

People like me who have a tendency to hoard and collect stuff for whatever reason can totally get this. "I have to have that rare stamp from this obscure country." "I ought to have this particular variety of plant -- I don't care how ugly it looks, I must have it or my collection won't be complete." "I need to taste this type of obscure dish because I have never tried it before." "I must acquire that painting by so-and-so, or I would be dissatisfied with my lot."

These must-haves and should-haves become toxic when they serve no clear meaning or deep purpose, except that there is a compulsion that must be expressed or satisfied, an itch that must be scratched, or else...

This level of compulsion, coupled with other factors, I figure, is probably what makes insatiable greed possible in anyone of us. You must be someone who is unjustifiably "matindi ang pangangailangan" to want to be in that place.

5.1 Megalomania, Self-delusion

The sense of entitlement drawn from such obsession must be another instigating force. Maybe the person believes he or she is a king or queen in a previous life (as believers in reincarnation put it), thus the irresistible urge to be one, to act like one?

5.2 'Yabang' (Something to boast about)

Maybe it's all about yabang, that very Filipino desire to show off or boast about something, whether justified or not, perhaps because one has something to urgently prove, e.g., to prove that one's socioeconomic stature is high.

5.3 Kleptomania

An extreme reason would be because someone is battling the disease of kleptomania, a phenomenon -- a senseless itch -- I have yet to research on. (I mean, why would you feel compelled to steal a random item like a nail cutter in the store when you don't even need one because you already have a dozen at home?)

5.2 Possession

Another extreme reason is demonic possession, as can be gleaned from an interview with the exorcist Fr. Jocis Syquia, i.e., when someone, he says, is possessed by the devil because he/she refuses to admit large-scale embezzlement of funds he/she doesn't own.

***

Before this homily of mine turn into a Criminology 101 lecture, let me ask, by way of ending, as a premature point of Lenten reflection: So, which evil are you guilty of? Which evil are we coming from?


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